In ancient Sumerian mythology, Dumuzi was a god of the harvest. He was taken down into the Underworld, but permitted to return to earth for half of each year, resulting in the cycle of the seasons.
Kenneth; Irish astronomer, the first to propose the existence of a disk of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune, now known as the Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt (1880-1972).
Juan Sebastián; Spanish explorer of Basque origin, who completed in 1522 the first circumnavigation of the Earth which started in 1519 under the leadership of Magellan (c.1476–1526).
Korean traveler and scholar, who crossed the Asian continent from China to Arabia and back (724-727), and documented the journey in his journals (704–787).
Inanna was the Queen of Heaven in ancient Sumerian mythology. She visited the Underworld but was permitted to return in exchange for the life of her husband, Dumuzi.
Epic hero of the Chochenyo/Ohlone (N. California) mythology, an anthropomorphic being resembling a peregrine falcon, who traveled to the underworld to battle Wiwe (“Body of Stone”), the lord of the underworld.
Bishun; Indian-born American atmosphere chemistry scientist, investigated, in particular, tholins, the organic molecules that probably account for the darkest regions on Pluto (1933–2013).
Two Soviet Union planetary rovers that were sent to the surface of the Moon (1970, 1973). Lunokhod 1 was the first remote-controlled, wheeled robot to land on and rove on an extraterrestrial body.
Jan Hendrik, Dutch astronomer, first described the Oort Cloud, a theoretical cloud of icy planetesimals beyond the Kuiper Belt, and believed to be the source of long- period comets (1900 to 1992).
Antonio; Italian scholar and explorer, whose journal is the only original description of the discoveries made during the first circumnavigation of the Earth which started in Spain in 1519 under the leadership of Magellan (c.1491 – c.1531).
Ahmed Muhiddin, also known as Piri Reis, Ottoman navigator and cartographer (c. 1470–1553). Author of one of the earliest existing world maps in 1513. His “Book of the Sea” (1521), containing 290 maps, was one of the most famous cartographical works of that period.
A pair of the Soviet Union’s Vega 1 and Vega 2 spacecraft launched in 1984 that were the first ones to fly balloons on another planet (Venus, 1985) and then the first ones to image the nucleus of a comet (1P/Halley, 1986).
Series of the Soviet Union’s 16 spacecraft sent to Venus in 1961–1983. The missions accomplished a number of firsts, including the first human made device to enter the atmosphere of another planet (Venera 3, 1966), to measure in situ atmosphere composition of another planet (Venera 4, 1967), to make a soft landing on another planet (Venera 7, 1970), and to return images from another planetary surface (Venera 9, 1975).
Orville (1871–1948) and Wilbur (1867–1912), brothers, U.S. aviation pioneers who invented, built, and flew in 1903 the world’s first successful powered heavier-than-air flying machine (airplane) with a pilot aboard.